Kaziranga National Park is known all over the world for successful conservation of Great One Horned Rhinoceros. It is also home to a number of threatened wild animals and migratory birds. The Kaziranga Landscape comprises of sprawling grasslands, numerous water bodies and woodlands that provide an ideal habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. The flood plain ecosystem, which acts as important refuge of rich biodiversity, is the result of river Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Kaziranga is a large complex of rivers, lakes and marshes in flood plain of the Brahmaputra river. It is an extremely important area for larger mammals and birds- 17 species of mammals, 23 species of birds and 10 species of reptiles are in endangered list.
Flora:
Kaziranga’s flora comprises of alluvial grasslands, semi evergreen forests, tropical moist mixed deciduous forests and swamp forests. Grasslands dominate the plain area, with tall ‘elephant’ grasses on the higher grounds and short grasses on the lower grounds surrounding the wetlands or ‘beels’. these extensive grasslands supports mega herbivores like Rhinoceros, Asian Elephant, Wild Buffaloes and swamp deer. The grasslands have been maintained by annual flood and control burning over the years.
Fauna:
Through Kaziranga is famous all over the world as the ”Rhino Land” nut many other rare and endangered animals also inhabit the park. Kaziranga supports more than 35 species of mammals of which 15 belongs to schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act’1972.
Apart from the BIG FIVE the following mammals have been recorded from the national park: Capped Langur, Hoolock Gibbon, Leopard, Sloth Bear, Gangetic Dolphin, Otter, Wild Boar, Sambar, Swamp Deer, Hog Deer, Barking Deer, Common Langur, Rhesus Macaque, Assamese Macaque, Indian Porcupine, Fishing Cat, Jungle Cat, Large Indian Civet, Small Indian Civet, Common Mongoose, Small Indian Mongoose, Indian Fox, Jackal, Chinese Ferret Badger, Hog Badger, Eastern Mole, Pangolin, Squirrel, Bats(various species).